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19-4806; Rev 1; 4/10
KIT ATION EVALU BLE AVAILA
Mono 2W Class D Amplifier
General Description Features
o Industry-Leading Quiescent Current: 1.6mA at 5V, 1.2mA at 3.6V o Spread Spectrum and Active Emissions Limiting o Passes EMI Limit Unfiltered with Up to 24in (61cm) of Speaker Cable o Click-and-Pop Suppression o Thermal and Overcurrent Protection o Low 0.5A Current Shutdown Mode o Space-Saving, 2mm x 2mm x 0.8mm, 8-Pin TDFN Package
MAX9830
The MAX9830 mono 2W Class D amplifier provides Class AB audio performance with Class D efficiency. Active emissions limiting edge rate and overshoot control circuitry greatly reduces EMI. A patented filterless spread-spectrum modulation scheme eliminates the need for output filtering found in traditional Class D devices. These features reduce application component count. The MAX9830's industry-leading 1.6mA at 5V, 1.2mA at 3.6V, quiescent current extends battery life in portable applications. The MAX9830 is available in an 8-pin TDFN (2mm x 2mm x 0.8mm) and is specified over the extended -40C to +85C temperature range.
Applications
Notebook and Netbook Computers Cellular Phones MP3 Players Portable Audio Players VoIP Phones
PART MAX9830AETA+
Ordering Information
TEMP RANGE -40C to +85C PIN-PACKAGE 8 TDFN-EP*
+Denotes a lead(Pb)-free/RoHS-compliant package. *EP = Exposed pad.
Pin Configuration
TOP VIEW
PVDD OUT+ OUT- PGND 8 7 6 5
Typical Operating Circuit
+2.6V TO +5.5V 0.47F IN+ PVDD 0.1F IN-
MAX9830
*EP 1 IN+ 2 IN3 4
0.47F
MAX9830
OUT+
+
SHDN OUTN.C. PGND
SHDN N.C.
TDFN 2mm x 2mm x 0.8mm
*EP = EXPOSED PAD. CONNECT THE EP TO PGND TO ENHANCE THERMAL DISSIPATION.
________________________________________________________________ Maxim Integrated Products
1
For pricing, delivery, and ordering information, please contact Maxim Direct at 1-888-629-4642, or visit Maxim's website at www.maxim-ic.com.
Mono 2W Class D Amplifier MAX9830
ABSOLUTE MAXIMUM RATINGS
Voltage PVDD, IN+, IN-, SHDN, to PGND .........................-0.3V to +6V OUT+, OUT- to PGND...........................-0.3V to VPVDD + 0.3V Current Continuous Current Into/Out of PVDD, PGND, OUT+, OUT- ..............................................................600mA Continuous Input Current (all other pins) .....................20mA Duration of Short Circuit Between OUT+, OUT-, and PVDD, PGND ............................Continuous Continuous Power Dissipation for a Multilayer Board (TA = +70C) 8-Pin TDFN-EP (derate 11.9mW/C) .........................953.5mW Junction Temperature ......................................................+150C Operating Temperature Range ...........................-40C to +85C Storage Temperature Range .............................-65C to +150C Lead Temperature (soldering, 10s) .................................+300C Soldering Temperature (reflow) .......................................+260C Rate of Voltage Rise at PVDD .............................................1V/s
Stresses beyond those listed under "Absolute Maximum Ratings" may cause permanent damage to the device. These are stress ratings only, and functional operation of the device at these or any other conditions beyond those indicated in the operational sections of the specifications is not implied. Exposure to absolute maximum rating conditions for extended periods may affect device reliability.
ELECTRICAL CHARACTERISTICS
(VPVDD = VSHDN = 5V, VPGND = 0V, RL = , unless otherwise specified. RL connected between OUT+ and OUT-, AC measurement bandwidth 20Hz to 22kHz, TA = TMIN to TMAX, unless otherwise noted. Typical values are at TA = +25C.) (Notes 1, 2)
PARAMETER SPEAKER AMPLIFIER Voltage Range Quiescent Supply Current Shutdown Supply Current Turn-On Time Bias Voltage Maximum AC Input Voltage Input Resistance in Shutdown Input Resistance Voltage Gain Common-Mode Rejection Ratio Power-Supply Rejection Ratio PVDD IDD ISHDN tON VBIAS VIN RINSD RIN AV CMRR PSRR fIN = 1kHz, input referred VPVDD = 2.6V to 5.5V, TA = +25C PVDDRIPPLE = 200mVP-P (Note 3) THD+N = 10%, fIN = 1kHz fIN = 1kHz TA = +25C Peak voltage, A-weighted, 32 samples/sec (Notes 3, 4) Into shutdown Out of shutdown fRIPPLE = 217Hz fRIPPLE = 20kHz RL = 8 RL = 4 RL = 8, POUT = 0.5W RL = 4, POUT = 1W Output Offset Voltage VOS 54 Single ended Differential Between inputs From inputs to PGND 12 Inferred from PSRR test VPVDD = 5.0V VPVDD = 3.6V VSHDN = 0V, TA = +25C 2.6 1.6 1.2 0.5 1.9 1.31 1 2 85.6 43 20 12 48 64.3 72 64 1.5 2.25 0.04 0.04 3 -56 dBV -56 30 mV W dB 10 4 5.5 2.5 V mA A ms V VRMS k k dB dB SYMBOL CONDITIONS MIN TYP MAX UNITS
Output Power Total Harmonic Distortion Plus Noise
POUT
THD+N
%
Click-and-Pop Level
KCP
2
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Mono 2W Class D Amplifier
ELECTRICAL CHARACTERISTICS (continued)
(VPVDD = VSHDN = 5V, VPGND = 0V, RL = , unless otherwise specified. RL connected between OUT+ and OUT-, AC measurement bandwidth 20Hz to 22kHz, TA = TMIN to TMAX, unless otherwise noted. Typical values are at TA = +25C.) (Notes 1, 2)
PARAMETER Oscillator Frequency Spread-Spectrum Bandwidth Noise Signal-to-Noise Ratio Output Current Limit Thermal Shutdown Level Thermal Shutdown Hysterysis Efficiency DIGITAL INPUT (SHDN) Input Voltage High Input Voltage Low Input Leakage Current VIH VIL TA = +25C 1.4 0.4 10 V V A RL = 8, POUT = 1.5W VN SNR ILIM A-weighted (Note 3) POUT = POUT at 1% THD+N, A-weighted RL = 8 TA = +25C SYMBOL fOSC CONDITIONS MIN TYP 600 10 39 98 3 +180 30 85 MAX UNITS kHz kHz VRMS dB A C C %
MAX9830
Note 1: All devices are 100% production tested at TA = +25C. All temperature limits are guaranteed by design. Note 2: Testing performed with a resistive load in series with an inductor to simulate an actual speaker load. For RL = 4, L = 33H. For RL = 8, L = 68H. Note 3: Amplifier inputs AC-coupled to PGND with CIN = 0.47F. Note 4: Specified at room temperature with an 8 resistive load in series with a 68H inductive load connected across BTL outputs. Mode transitions are controlled by SHDN.
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Mono 2W Class D Amplifier MAX9830
Typical Operating Characteristics
(VPVDD = VSHDN = 5.0V, VPGND = 0V, RL = , unless otherwise specified. RL connected between OUT+ and OUT-, AC measurement bandwidth 20Hz to 22kHz, TA = +25C, unless otherwise noted.)
TOTAL HARMONIC DISTORTION PLUS NOISE vs. FREQUENCY
MAX9830 toc01
TOTAL HARMONIC DISTORTION PLUS NOISE vs. FREQUENCY
MAX9830 toc02
TOTAL HARMONIC DISTORTION PLUS NOISE vs. FREQUENCY
VPVDD = 5.0V RLOAD = 8I
MAX9830 toc03
10 VPVDD = 5.0V RLOAD = 4I
10 VPVDD = 3.6V RLOAD = 4I
10
1 THD+N (%) THD+N (%) POUT = 400mW
1 THD+N (%) POUT = 100mW
1 POUT = 100mW
0.1
0.1
0.1
POUT = 1.4W 0.01 10 100 1k FREQUENCY (Hz) 10k 100k 0.01 10 100
POUT = 600mW 0.01 1k FREQUENCY (Hz) 10k 100k 10 100
POUT = 1W 1k FREQUENCY (Hz) 10k 100k
TOTAL HARMONIC DISTORTION PLUS NOISE vs. FREQUENCY
MAX9830 toc04
TOTAL HARMONIC DISTORTION PLUS NOISE vs. OUTPUT POWER
MAX9830 toc05
TOTAL HARMONIC DISTORTION PLUS NOISE vs. OUTPUT POWER
VPVDD = 3.6V RLOAD = 4I
MAX9830 toc06
10 VPVDD = 3.6V RLOAD = 8I
10 VPVDD = 5.0V RLOAD = 4I
10
1 THD+N (%) THD+N (%) POUT = 100mW
1 f = 6kHz THD+N (%) f = 1kHz
1 f = 1kHz f = 6kHz
0.1
0.1
0.1
POUT = 500mW 0.01 10 100 1k FREQUENCY (Hz) 10k 100k 0.01 0 0.5
f = 100Hz 0.01 1.0 1.5 2.0 2.5 3.0 0 0.2
f = 100Hz 0.4 0.6 0.8 1.0 1.2 1.4
OUTPUT POWER (W)
OUTPUT POWER (W)
TOTAL HARMONIC DISTORTION PLUS NOISE vs. OUTPUT POWER
MAX9830 toc07
TOTAL HARMONIC DISTORTION PLUS NOISE vs. OUTPUT POWER
MAX9830 toc08
OUTPUT POWER vs. LOAD RESISTANCE
VPVDD = 5.0V 2.0 OUTPUT POWER (W)
MAX9830 toc09
10 VPVDD = 5.0V RLOAD = 8I
10 VPVDD = 3.6V RLOAD = 8I
2.5
1 THD+N (%) THD+N (%) f = 6kHz f = 1kHz
1 f = 6kHz 0.1 f = 1kHz
1.5
THD+N = 10%
1.0
0.1
0.5 f = 100Hz 0.01 0 0.2 0.4 0.6 0.8 1.0 1.2 1.4 1.6 1.8 OUTPUT POWER (W) 0.01 0 0.1 0.2 0.3 0.4 0.5 0.6 0.7 0.8 0.9 OUTPUT POWER (W) f = 100Hz 0 1
THD+N = 1%
10 LOAD RESISTANCE (I)
100
4
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Mono 2W Class D Amplifier
Typical Operating Characteristics (continued)
(VPVDD = VSHDN = 5.0V, VPGND = 0V, RL = , unless otherwise specified. RL connected between OUT+ and OUT-, AC measurement bandwidth 20Hz to 22kHz, TA = +25C, unless otherwise noted.)
OUTPUT POWER vs. LOAD RESISTANCE
MAX9830 toc10
MAX9830
OUTPUT POWER vs. SUPPLY VOLTAGE
MAX9830 toc10a
OUTPUT POWER vs. SUPPLY VOLTAGE
fIN = 1kHz RL = 4I
MAX9830 toc10b
1.2 1.0 OUTPUT POWER (W) 0.8
VPVDD = 3.6V
2.0 1.8 1.6 OUTPUT POWER (W) 1.4 1.2 1.0 0.8 0.6 0.4 0.2
fIN = 1kHz RL = 8I
3.0 2.5 OUTPUT POWER (W) 2.0 1.5 1.0 0.5 0
THD+N = 10% 0.6 0.4 0.2 0 1 10 LOAD RESISTANCE (I) 100 THD+N = 1%
10% THD+N
10% THD+N
1% THD+N
1% THD+N
0 2.5 3.0 3.5 4.0 4.5 5.0 5.5 SUPPLY VOLTAGE (V)
2.5
3.0
3.5
4.0
4.5
5.0
5.5
SUPPLY VOLTAGE (V)
EFFICIENCY vs. OUTPUT POWER
MAX9830 toc11
EFFICIENCY vs. OUTPUT POWER
MAX9830 toc12
POWER-SUPPLY REJECTION RATIO vs. FREQUENCY
-10 -20 -30 VRIPPLE = 200mVP-P
MAX9830 toc13
100 VPVDD = 5.0V 80 EFFICIENCY (%) RLOAD = 8I
100 VPVDD = 3.6V 80 EFFICIENCY (%) RLOAD = 8I
0
RLOAD = 4I
RLOAD = 4I 40
PSRR (dB)
60
60
-40 -50 -60 -70
40
20
20
-80 -90
0 0 0.2 0.4 0.6 0.8 1.0 1.2 1.4 1.6 1.8 2.0 OUTPUT POWER (W)
0 0 0.1 0.2 0.3 0.4 0.5 0.6 0.7 0.8 0.9 1.0 OUTPUT POWER (W)
-100 10 100 1k FREQUENCY (Hz) 10k 100k
COMMON-MODE REJECTION RATIO vs. FREQUENCY
INPUT REFERRED -10 -20 CMRR (dB) -30 -40 -50 -60 10 100 1k FREQUENCY (Hz) 10k 100k
MAX9830 toc14
AMPLITUDE vs. FREQUENCY
MAX9830 toc15
STARTUP WAVEFORM
MAX9830 toc16
0
14 12 10 8 6 4 2 0 10 100 1k FREQUENCY (Hz) 10k
SHDN 2V/div
AMPLITUDE (dB)
OUTPUT 500mA/div
100k
400Fs/div
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5
Mono 2W Class D Amplifier MAX9830
Typical Operating Characteristics (continued)
(VPVDD = VSHDN = 5.0V, VPGND = 0V, RL = , unless otherwise specified. RL connected between OUT+ and OUT-, AC measurement bandwidth 20Hz to 22kHz, TA = +25C, unless otherwise noted.)
SHUTDOWN WAVEFORM
MAX9830 toc17
WIDEBAND OUTPUT SPECTRUM
RBW = 100Hz OUTPUT AMPLITUDE (dBV) SHDN 2V/div -20 -40 -60 -80 -100 -120
MAX9830 toc18
0
OUTPUT 500mA/div
400Fs/div
1
10
100
1000
FREQUENCY (MHz)
OUTPUT FREQUENCY SPECTRUM
MAX9830 toc19
SUPPLY CURRENT vs. SUPPLY VOLTAGE
MAX9830 toc20
0 -20 OUTPUT MAGNITUDE (dBV) -40 -60 -80 -100 -120 -140 0 2 4 6 8
2.0
1.6 SUPPLY CURRENT (mA)
1.2
0.8
0.4
0 10 12 14 16 18 20 2.5 3.0 3.5 4.0 4.5 5.0 5.5 FREQUENCY (kHz) SUPPLY VOLTAGE (V)
SHUTDOWN CURRENT vs. SUPPLY VOLTAGE
MAX9830 toc21
RF IMMUNITY vs. FREQUENCY
-10 RF IMMUNITY (dBV) -20 -30 -40 -50 -60
MAX9830 toc22
0.6 0.5 SHUTDOWN CURRENT (FA) 0.4 0.3 0.2 0.1 0 2.5 3.0 3.5 4.0 4.5 5.0
0
-70 -80 5.5 0 500 1000 1500 2000 2500 3000 SUPPLY VOLTAGE (V) FREQUENCY (MHz)
6
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Mono 2W Class D Amplifier
Pin Description
PIN 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 -- NAME IN+ INSHDN N.C. PGND OUTOUT+ PVDD EP Noninverting Audio Input Inverting Audio Input Active-Low Shutdown Input. Drive SHDN low to place the device in shutdown mode. No Connection. Leave unconnected. Ground Negative Speaker Output Positive Speaker Output Power Supply. Bypass PVDD to PGND with a 0.1F capacitor. Exposed Pad. Connect exposed pad to a solid ground plane. FUNCTION
MAX9830
Detailed Description
The MAX9830 features industry-leading quiescent current, low-power shutdown mode, comprehensive clickand-pop suppression, and excellent RF immunity. The MAX9830 offers Class AB audio performance with Class D efficiency in a minimal board-space solution. The Class D amplifier features spread-spectrum modulation combined with edge rate and overshoot control circuitry that offers significant improvements to switchmode amplifier radiated emissions. The MAX9830 includes thermal overload and short-circuit protection.
40 AMPLITUDE (dBuV/m) 30 20 10 0 -10 30 60 80 100 120 140 160 180 200 220 240 260 280 300 FREQUENCY (MHz) EN55022B LIMIT
Figure 1. EMI with 24in of Speaker Cable
Class D Speaker Amplifier
The MAX9830 filterless Class D amplifier offers much higher efficiency than Class AB amplifiers. The high efficiency of a Class D amplifier is due to the switching operation of the output stage transistors. Any power loss associated with the Class D output stage is mostly due to the I2R loss of the MOSFET on-resistance and quiescent current overhead.
frequency by 10kHz around the center frequency (600kHz). Above 10MHz, the wideband spectrum looks like noise for EMI purposes (Figure 1).
Ultra-Low EMI Filterless Output Stage Traditional Class D amplifiers require the use of external LC filters, or shielding, to meet EN55022B electromagnetic-interference (EMI) regulation standards. Maxim's patented active emissions limiting edge-rate control circuitry and spread-spectrum modulation reduces EMI emissions, while maintaining up to 85% efficiency. Maxim's patented spread-spectrum modulation mode flattens wideband spectral components, while proprietary techniques ensure that the cycle-to-cycle variation of the switching period does not degrade audio reproduction or efficiency. The MAX9830's spreadspectrum modulator randomly varies the switching
Speaker Current Limit If the output current of the speaker amplifier exceeds the current limit (1.8A typ), the MAX9830 disables the outputs for approximately 400s. At the end of 400s, the outputs are re-enabled. If the fault condition still exists, the MAX9830 continues to disable and re-enable the outputs until the fault condition is removed.
Shutdown
The MAX9830 features a low-power shutdown mode, drawing 0.5A of supply current. Drive SHDN low to put the MAX9830 into shutdown.
Click-and-Pop Suppression
The MAX9830 speaker amplifier features Maxim's comprehensive click-and-pop suppression. During startup, the click-and-pop suppression circuitry reduces any audible transient sources internal to the device. When entering shutdown, the differential speaker outputs ramp down to PGND quickly and simultaneously.
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Mono 2W Class D Amplifier MAX9830
Applications Information
Filterless Class D Operation
Traditional Class D amplifiers require an output filter. The filter adds cost, size, and decreases efficiency and THD+N performance. The MAX9830's filterless modulation scheme does not require an output filter. Because the switching frequency of the MAX9830 is well beyond the bandwidth of most speakers, voice coil movement at the switching frequency is very small. Use a speaker with a series inductance > 10H. Typical 8 speakers exhibit series inductances in the 20H to 100H range.
Input Filtering The input-coupling capacitor (CIN), in conjunction with the amplifier's internal input resistance (RIN), forms a highpass filter that removes the DC bias from the incoming signal. These capacitors allow the amplifier to bias the signal to an optimum DC level. Select 0.47F capacitors for optimum click-and-pop performance and 17Hz f-3dB. If a different f -3dB is required, C IN, assuming zerosource-impedance, is:
CIN = 8 [F] f -3dB
Component Selection
Optional Ferrite Bead Filter Although not normally needed, in applications where speaker leads exceed 24in at VPVDD = 3V, use a filter constructed from an inexpensive ferrite bead and a small-value capacitor to ground (Figure 2) to provide additional EMI suppression. Use a ferrite bead with low DC resistance, high frequency ( 1MHz) impedance of 100 to 600, and rated for at least 1A. The capacitor value varies based on the ferrite bead chosen and the actual speaker lead length. Select the capacitor value based on EMI performance. Speaker Amplifier Power Supply Input (PVDD) PVDD powers the speaker amplifier. PVDD ranges from 2.6V to 5.5V. Bypass PVDD with a 0.1F capacitor to PGND. Apply additional bulk capacitance at the device if long input traces between PVDD and the power source are used. Ensure a rate of voltage rise at PVDD is limited to 1V/s.
Use capacitors with adequately low voltage-coefficient for best low-frequency THD performance.
Layout and Grounding
Proper layout and grounding are essential for optimum performance. Good grounding improves audio performance and prevents switching noise from coupling into the audio signal. Use wide, low-resistance output traces. As load impedance decreases, the current drawn from the device outputs increase. At higher current, the resistance of the output traces decrease the power delivered to the load. For example, if 2W is delivered from the speaker output to a 4 load through a 100m trace, 49mW is consumed in the trace. If power is delivered through a 10m trace, only 5mW is consumed in the trace. Wide output, supply and ground traces also improve the power dissipation of the device. The MAX9830 is inherently designed for excellent RF immunity. For best performance, add ground fills around all signal traces on top and bottom PCB planes. The MAX9830 TDFN package features an exposed thermal pad on its underside. This pad lowers the package's thermal resistance by providing a heat conduction path from the die to the PCB. Connect the exposed thermal pad to the ground plane by using a large pad and multiple vias.
OUT+
MAX9830
OUT-
Chip Information
PROCESS: CMOS
Figure 2. Optional Ferrite Bead Filter
8
_______________________________________________________________________________________
Mono 2W Class D Amplifier
Functional Diagram
2.6V TO 5.5V FERRITE BEAD
MAX9830
10F*
0.1F
8 PVDD UVLO/POWER MANAGEMENT
3 SHDN CLICK-AND-POP SUPPRESSION PVDD
LOW-EMI DRIVER 0.47F 1 IN+ CLASS D MODULATOR 2 INPGND PVDD
OUT+ OUT-
7
0.47F
6
LOW-EMI DRIVER
MAX9830
PGND 5
PGND *BULK CAPACITOR
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9
Mono 2W Class D Amplifier MAX9830
Package Information
For the latest package outline information and land patterns, go to www.maxim-ic.com/packages. Note that a "+", "#", or "-" in the package code indicates RoHS status only. Package drawings may show a different suffix character, but the drawing pertains to the package regardless of RoHS status. PACKAGE TYPE 8 TDFN-EP PACKAGE CODE T822+2 DOCUMENT NO. 21-0168
PACKAGE OUTLINE 8L TDFN EXPOSED PAD, 2x2x0.80mm
21-0168
E
1 2
10
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8L TDFN EXPOSED PADS.EPS
Mono 2W Class D Amplifier
Package Information (continued)
For the latest package outline information and land patterns, go to www.maxim-ic.com/packages. Note that a "+", "#", or "-" in the package code indicates RoHS status only. Package drawings may show a different suffix character, but the drawing pertains to the package regardless of RoHS status.
MAX9830
COMMON DIMENSIONS SYMBOL A D E A1 L k A2 MIN. 0.70 1.90 1.90 0.00 0.20 MAX. 0.80 2.10 2.10 0.05 0.40
0.25 MIN. 0.20 REF.
PACKAGE VARIATIONS PKG. CODE T822-1 T822-2 N 8 8 D2 0.700.10 0.800.10 E2 1.300.10 1.200.10 e 0.50 TYP. 0.50 TYP. b 0.250.05 0.250.05 r 0.125 0.125 [(N/2)-1] x e 1.50 REF 1.50 REF
PACKAGE OUTLINE 8L TDFN EXPOSED PAD, 2x2x0.80mm
21-0168
E
2 2
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11
Mono 2W Class D Amplifier MAX9830
Revision History
REVISION NUMBER 0 1 REVISION DATE 8/09 4/10 Initial release Removed PSRR spec from the Features section, updated EC table specs, and added new TOCs DESCRIPTION PAGES CHANGED -- 1, 2, 5
Maxim cannot assume responsibility for use of any circuitry other than circuitry entirely embodied in a Maxim product. No circuit patent licenses are implied. Maxim reserves the right to change the circuitry and specifications without notice at any time.
12 ____________________Maxim Integrated Products, 120 San Gabriel Drive, Sunnyvale, CA 94086 408-737-7600 (c) 2010 Maxim Integrated Products Maxim is a registered trademark of Maxim Integrated Products, Inc.

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